composer create-project --prefer-dist cakephp/app:4.1 CakeBlog1

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Used as a default to seed config/.env which
# enables you to use environment variables to configure
# the aspects of your application that vary by
# environment.
#
# Having this file in production is considered a **SECURITY RISK** and also decreases
# the boostrap performance of your application.
#
# To use this file, first copy it into `config/.env`. Also ensure the related
# code block for loading this file is uncommented in `config/boostrap.php`
#
# In development .env files are parsed by PHP
# and set into the environment. This provides a simpler
# development workflow over standard environment variables.
export APP_NAME="CakeBlog1"                //この行を修正
export DEBUG="true"
export APP_ENCODING="UTF-8"
export APP_DEFAULT_LOCALE="ja_JP"          //この行を修正
export APP_DEFAULT_TIMEZONE="Asia/Tokyo"   //この行を修正
export SECURITY_SALT="adfdffef"            //「」の中に適当に文字列を入れる

# Uncomment these to define cache configuration via environment variables.
#export CACHE_DURATION="+2 minutes"
#export CACHE_DEFAULT_URL="file://tmp/cache/?prefix=${APP_NAME}_default&duration=${CACHE_DURATION}"
#export CACHE_CAKECORE_URL="file://tmp/cache/persistent?prefix=${APP_NAME}_cake_core&serialize=true&duration=${CACHE_DURATION}"
#export CACHE_CAKEMODEL_URL="file://tmp/cache/models?prefix=${APP_NAME}_cake_model&serialize=true&duration=${CACHE_DURATION}"

# Uncomment these to define email transport configuration via environment variables.
#export EMAIL_TRANSPORT_DEFAULT_URL=""

# Uncomment these to define database configuration via environment variables.
#export DATABASE_URL="mysql://my_app:secret@localhost/${APP_NAME}?encoding=utf8&timezone=UTC&cacheMetadata=true&quoteIdentifiers=false&persistent=false"
#export DATABASE_TEST_URL="mysql://my_app:secret@localhost/test_${APP_NAME}?encoding=utf8&timezone=UTC&cacheMetadata=true&quoteIdentifiers=false&persistent=false"

# Uncomment these to define logging configuration via environment variables.
#export LOG_DEBUG_URL="file://logs/?levels[]=notice&levels[]=info&levels[]=debug&file=debug"
#export LOG_ERROR_URL="file://logs/?levels[]=warning&levels[]=error&levels[]=critical&levels[]=alert&levels[]=emergency&file=error"

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (https://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          https://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @since         0.10.8
 * @license       https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */

/*
 * Configure paths required to find CakePHP + general filepath constants
 */
require __DIR__ . '/paths.php';

/*
 * Bootstrap CakePHP.
 *
 * Does the various bits of setup that CakePHP needs to do.
 * This includes:
 *
 * - Registering the CakePHP autoloader.
 * - Setting the default application paths.
 */
require CORE_PATH . 'config' . DS . 'bootstrap.php';

use Cake\Cache\Cache;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Core\Configure\Engine\PhpConfig;
use Cake\Datasource\ConnectionManager;
use Cake\Error\ConsoleErrorHandler;
use Cake\Error\ErrorHandler;
use Cake\Http\ServerRequest;
use Cake\Log\Log;
use Cake\Mailer\Mailer;
use Cake\Mailer\TransportFactory;
use Cake\Routing\Router;
use Cake\Utility\Security;
use Cake\Error\ErrorTrap;
use Cake\Error\ExceptionTrap;

/*
 * See https://github.com/josegonzalez/php-dotenv for API details.
 *
 * Uncomment block of code below if you want to use `.env` file during development.
 * You should copy `config/.env.example` to `config/.env` and set/modify the
 * variables as required.
 *
 * The purpose of the .env file is to emulate the presence of the environment
 * variables like they would be present in production.
 *
 * If you use .env files, be careful to not commit them to source control to avoid
 * security risks. See https://github.com/josegonzalez/php-dotenv#general-security-information
 * for more information for recommended practices.
*/


//ここからコメントアウトを外して同じ内容に変更する
if (!env('APP_NAME') && file_exists(CONFIG . '.env')) {
    $dotenv = new \josegonzalez\Dotenv\Loader([CONFIG . '.env']);
    $dotenv->parse()
        ->putenv()
        ->toEnv()
        ->toServer();
}
//ここまでコメントアウトを外して同じ内容に変更する


/*
 * Read configuration file and inject configuration into various
 * CakePHP classes.
 *
 * By default there is only one configuration file. It is often a good
 * idea to create multiple configuration files, and separate the configuration
 * that changes from configuration that does not. This makes deployment simpler.
 */
 
 
 //以下コードの変更はないので省略

<?php
use Cake\Database\Driver\Sqlite;        //この行を追加

/*
 * Local configuration file to provide any overrides to your app.php configuration.
 * Copy and save this file as app_local.php and make changes as required.
 * Note: It is not recommended to commit files with credentials such as app_local.php
 * into source code version control.
 */
return [
    /*
     * Debug Level:
     *
     * Production Mode:
     * false: No error messages, errors, or warnings shown.
     *
     * Development Mode:
     * true: Errors and warnings shown.
     */
    'debug' => filter_var(env('DEBUG', true), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN),

    /*
     * Security and encryption configuration
     *
     * - salt - A random string used in security hashing methods.
     *   The salt value is also used as the encryption key.
     *   You should treat it as extremely sensitive data.
     */
    'Security' => [
        'salt' => env('SECURITY_SALT', 'f6bd7a113d60c323102826b1fc792f633bd8d13337726df2a6075336d21cb605'),
    ],

    /*
     * Connection information used by the ORM to connect
     * to your application's datastores.
     *
     * See app.php for more configuration options.
     */
    'Datasources' => [
        'default' => [
            'driver' => Sqlite::class,      //この行を追加
            // 'host' => 'localhost',       //この行をコメントアウト
            /*
             * CakePHP will use the default DB port based on the driver selected
             * MySQL on MAMP uses port 8889, MAMP users will want to uncomment
             * the following line and set the port accordingly
             */
            //'port' => 'non_standard_port_number',

            // 'username' => 'my_app',            //この行をコメントアウト
            // 'password' => 'secret',            //この行をコメントアウト

            'database' => ROOT . DS . 'database' . DS . 'product.sqlite',      //この行を修正
            /**
             * If not using the default 'public' schema with the PostgreSQL driver
             * set it here.
             */
            //'schema' => 'myapp',



 //以下コードの変更はないので省略

bin/cake bake controller コントローラー名s

bin/cake bake controller Posts

public function index()
{
  echo "デモで表示";
}

localhost:8888/プロジェクト名/コントローラー名/メソッド名

localhost:8888/CakeBlog1/Posts/index

localhost:8888/CakeBlog1/Posts

public function view($id = null)
{
  echo $id."view.php";
}

localhost:8888/CakeBlog1/Posts/view/パラメーター名

<h1>index.php</h1>

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Controller;

/**
 * Posts Controller
 *
 * @method \App\Model\Entity\Post[]|\Cake\Datasource\ResultSetInterface paginate($object = null, array $settings = [])
 */
class PostsController extends AppController
{
    public $autoRender = false;         //この行をコメントアウト

    /**
     * Index method
     *
     * @return \Cake\Http\Response|null|void Renders view
     */
    public function index()
    {
        //indexメソッドの中を削除する
    }

public function view($id = null)
{
  $this->set(['id' => $id]);
}

＜？＝ $id ？>

public function view($id = null)
{
  $this->set(['id' => $id]);
}

public function view($id = null)
{
  $this->set(compact('id'));
}

public function view($id = null)
{
  $title = '変数';
  $this->set(compact(['id', 'title']));
}

<?= $id ?>
<?= $title ?>

public function view()
{
  $this->render('/Posts/index');
}

<?php
/**
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (https://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          https://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @since         0.10.0
 * @license       https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 * @var \App\View\AppView $this
 */

$cakeDescription = 'CakePHP: the rapid development php framework';
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <?= $this->Html->charset() ?>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>
        <?= $cakeDescription ?>:
        <?= $this->fetch('title') ?>
    </title>
    <?= $this->Html->meta('icon') ?>

    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:400,700" rel="stylesheet">

    <?= $this->Html->css(['normalize.min', 'milligram.min', 'cake']) ?>

    <?= $this->fetch('meta') ?>
    <?= $this->fetch('css') ?>
    <?= $this->fetch('script') ?>
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="top-nav">
        <div class="top-nav-title">
            <a href="<?= $this->Url->build('/') ?>"><span>Cake</span>PHPのデフォルトを確認する</a>   //「PHP」の文言を修正する
        </div>
        <div class="top-nav-links">
            <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://book.cakephp.org/4/">Documentation</a>
            <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://api.cakephp.org/4/">API</a>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <main class="main">
        <div class="container">
            <?= $this->Flash->render() ?>
            <?= $this->fetch('content') ?>
        </div>
    </main>
    <footer>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

public function view($id = null)
{
  $this->viewBuilder()->disableAutoLayout();         //この行を追加
  $title = '変数';
  $this->set(compact(['id', 'title']));
}

public function view($id = null)
{
  $this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('test');      //この行を修正
  $title = '変数';
  $this->set(compact(['id', 'title']));
}

//ここから追加
public function initialize(): void{
  parent::initialize();
  $this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('test');
}
//ここまで追加


public function index()
{
    //
}

public function view($id = null)
{
  //$this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('test');を4行目に移動   
  $title = '変数';
  $this->set(compact(['id', 'title']));
}